MIŠIĆI ZNAČAJNI ZA ŽVAKANJE

1,201 Comments / Logoped za odrasle

Žvakanje je složen motorički obrazac i veština kojoj je potebno, dve i više godine da se razvije i da dete pređe od sisanja do manipulacije kašastom i čvrstom hranom koristeći prvo vertikalne pokrete žvakanja a zatim i rotacione pokrete žvakanja.Ono se obavlja naizmeničnim podizanjem i spuštanjem donje vilice i pokretima mandibule levo-desno i napred-nazad. Ovi pokreti su omogućeni anatomskim oblikom zglobnih površina donje vilice i slepoočne kosti, koje zajedno formiraju temporomandibularni zglob. Pokrete svih struktura koje učestvuju u procesu žvakanja omogućavaju mnogobrojni mišići.

Za pokrete donje vilice su odgovorni sledeći mišići:

  • Maseterični mišić (m. masseter)
  • Slepoočni mišić (m. temporalis)
  • Spoljašnji krilasti mišić (m. pterygodieus lateralis)
  • Unutrašnji krilasti mišić (m. pterygodius medialis)
Maseterični mišić– se proteže od jabučnog luka do spoljašnje strane donje vilice. Sačinjavaju ga dva dela: površinski (lat. pars superficialis) i duboki (lat. pars profunda). Osnovna funkcija mišića se ogleda u podizanju donje vilice i zatvaranju usta. On učestvuje i u pomeranju vilice unapred, ekstremnim lateralnim kretnjama mandibule i sl. Odlikuje ga razvijanje snažnih sila u predelu kutnjaka, tokom akta žvakanja. Duboki snop maseteričnog mišića je povezan sa površinskim vlaknima slepoočnog mišića, pa se oni često označavaju
terminom zigomatiko-mandibularni mišić koji učestvuje u vraćanju donje vilice iz njenog isturenog položaja.
 
Slepoočni mišić– proteže se od spoljašnje strane temporalne kosti do donje vilice. On je glavni pozicioner donje vilice i svi njeni položaji su regulisani delovanjem slepoočnog mišića. U podizanju mandibule i zatvaranju usta učestvuju sve tri grupe vlakana (s tim što su najaktivnija prednja), dok su zadnja vlakna dominantna u retropulziji (povlačenju vilice unazad) i lateralnim kretnjama.
 
Spoljašnji krilasti mišić– leži u gornjem delu podslepoočne jame (ispod baze lobanje). On ima dva glavna snopa: gornji i donji snop. Osnovna funkcija mu je protruzija (pomeranje unapred) i translatorna kretnja napred i nadole glave mandibule, uz istovremeno pomeranje zglobnog koluta viličnog zgloba unapred. Time on učestvuje u otvaranju usta (naročito u početnoj fazi). Gornji snop deluje kao odvojena funkcionalna celina i aktivira se pri zatvaranju usta zajedno sa maseteričnim, slepoočnim i unutrašnjim krilastim mišićem. Pri jednostranoj kontrakciji nastaju rotacioni pokreti donje vilice, koji su značajni u procesu žvakanja, tj. sa aspekta mlevenja hrane između griznih površina kutnjaka.
 
Unutrašnji krilasti mišić– smešten je u podslepoočnoj jami ispod baze lobanje. Donji kraj unutrašnjeg krilastog mišića se u predelu ugla mandibule povezuje sa tetivnim vlaknima maseteričnog mišića i na taj način oni obrazuju snažnu mišićno-tetivnu omču, koja obuhvata granu donje vilice. Osnovna funkcija mu je podizanje mandibule i zatvaranje usta. Osim toga, on učestvuje i u lateralnim kretnjama za vreme žvakanja, u toku protruzije (pomeranja unapred) donje vilice i pri kombinovanim pokretima ovih struktura. Služi kao antagonist predjim nadhioidnim mišićima da uravnoteže položaj usana za usneno-zubne glasove i da prilagode položaj vilice za izgovor glasa S.
 
Literatura:
 
Dr Slavoljub V. Jovanović, dr Nadežda A. Jeličić: “Anatomija čoveka – glava i vrat” (“Savremena administracija” Beograd 2000.) ISBN 86-387-0604-9
 
Darinka Stanišić-Sinobad: Osnovi gnatologije, I izdanje (“BMG” Beograd, 2001.) ISBN 86-7330-139-4 COBISS-ID 94080780
 
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5
 
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5
 
https://www.slideshare.net/idris01/mastication-103525627

1,201 thoughts on “MIŠIĆI ZNAČAJNI ZA ŽVAKANJE”

  455. RalphJes

    В этой публикации мы сосредоточимся на интересных аспектах одной из самых актуальных тем современности. Совмещая факты и мнения экспертов, мы создадим полное представление о предмете, которое будет полезно как новичкам, так и тем, кто глубоко изучает вопрос.
    Подробнее тут – https://medalkoblog.ru/

    Reply
  688. nboihchmx

    The 1xSlots promo code is BCVIP. Use our 1xSlots bonus code 2025 to receive exclusive bonuses. You can get a welcome package up to €2150 CA$9,225 plus 550 free spins, including an exclusive first deposit bonus. You must use our promo code 1xSlots when creating your new account. However, there is also an expansive live casino at 1xSlots, where you’ll find plenty of live blackjack, live roulette, and live baccarat games. Unfortunately, when it comes to casino game shows, 1xSlots has a very limited selection. There are only five game shows to play at this live casino, and I found that disappointing. EXPLORE 1XSLOTS The live casino section at 1xSlots is an exhilarating hub for all lovers of online gaming. Delivering a virtual replication of the excitement and thrill you get in a physical casino, 1xSlots live casino brings the casino right into the comfort of your home.
    https://yalutec.com/what-happens-in-the-aviator-game-when-theres-a-tie/
    LUCKY CHANCE PACHISLO SLOT MACHINE. Direct from Japan’s Gambling Parlors in Tokyo. Plays and pays out like a slot machine but cost much less. Machine comes with great sound effects, very colorful, lights up, has a five-line payout and comes with a three skill-stop reel feature. A great idea for family use because it works on token play. In great working condition. Size 18.5″ wide; 32″ high; 14″ deep and weighs approximately 75 lbs. Comes with 250 tokens about the size of a quarter. Japanese Lucky Chance Pachislo Slot Machine Price: $350 plus shipping to continental USA. Check the spelling carefully. Try different spellings. Sign up for Netflix today and choose from several payment options. You can easily change your plan or cancel at any time. Double the performance, full flexibility

    Reply
  760. vayokmerk

    What is true love between a man and a woman vidalista 40? 188bet 88bet: keo nha cai 88bet – 88bet 1xBet promo code szczepimy.pl step-by-step-guide-to-redeem-the-1xbet-welcome your chance to get bonuses on bets, free bets and exclusive promotions! Enter the code during registration and start playing with an increased deposit. Rút tiền tại kubet – kubet-vn siêu nhanh với công nghệ bảo mật tiên tiến. Sau khi xác minh danh tính bằng CMND CCCD hoặc giấy tờ ngân hàng, bạn có thể rút tiền dễ dàng. Giao dịch được xử lý trong vòng 5-15 phút, đảm bảo an toàn và minh bạch tuyệt đối. mostbet rasmiy sayt mostbet3030.ru . By admin|2025-01-21T00:00:05+00:00January 21st, 2025|Mostbet Promotional Code Oct 2024: Bet $5, Obtain $200 With Cbsbet365 – 375|
    https://www.nuevotiempo.org/aviator-gra-hazardowa-ryzyko-kontra-nagroda/
    אין מוצרים בסל הקניות. Aviator: Riding the Multiplier Heave – Thrills and Spills Good sites should provide a full-featured and feature-rich platform with the latest features, provide bonuses for Plinko game, and meet the requirements of a modern player. While Plinko is primarily a game of chance, understanding the different risk levels and betting options can help optimize your gameplay. Players drop a ball or chip from the top of the board, and it bounces unpredictably as it makes its way down to the bottom. The ball’s final landing spot determines the prize, with each pocket offering different payouts. The online gambling countryside is constantly evolving, and “bang games” like Aviator take carved out a valued niche. More than valid a game of befall, Aviator offers an adrenaline-pumping familiarity that hinges on staunchness, timing, and a opportune prescribe of luck. Leave to’s submerge deeper into what makes this subservient yet captivating devices tick.

    Reply
  761. oral steroid

    And nothing about your age, current weight, and previous coaching experience.
    It’s like a broken report trying to clarify the fundamentals
    to some guys who don’t know what they’re getting into.
    I will be buying all my future compounds from immortal medical
    transferring ahead. If you occur to overlook an injection day and are not certain what to do, then see our frequently asked
    questions web page. Some males decide to take an efficient aromatase inhibitor (AI) similar to Arimidex alongside testosterone, to decrease the probabilities of those dreaded man boobs.
    Nevertheless, that, in flip, has its personal unwanted side effects – exacerbating your blood strain.
    Suppose you’re significantly delicate to
    androgenic and different unwanted effects. In that case,
    frontloading might not be for you, but it does provide an additional choice for people who choose not to undertake a kickstart using an oral steroid.
    Mostly, we’ll do frontloading when using slower-acting steroids which have an extended half-life, like a few of
    the well-liked testosterone esters, including Testosterone Enanthate and Testosterone
    Cypionate. Frontloading is an ideal technique as a outcome of these steroids can take
    a few weeks to start delivering results. As bodybuilders who use steroids, certainly one of our highest priorities is to take care of a high and fixed blood plasma
    degree of all steroids being used in a cycle.

    They focus on safe, steady progress in comparability with dangerous unlawful options.
    Your primary objective as a beginner is to see
    how your physique reacts to the complement, so don’t
    expect dramatic outcomes instantly. Anavar works well by itself however can be mixed with other supplements like Winstrol or Testosterone Propionate.
    Since it’s mild, it’s a great choice for beginners attempting supplements for the first time.
    With forty years of expertise within the muscle-building business, I’ve studied all kinds of anabolic compounds.
    This information will help you make informed selections about your muscle-building journey.
    Tren is stronger than testosterone, with immediate results but
    side effects.
    Superior feminine cycles often incorporate a combination of
    oral and injectable steroids. Primobolan and Anavar is a
    popular selection, though some women with a better tolerance than others may use testosterone as their
    base steroid. Given women’s heightened sensitivity to steroids, modest doses ship impressive
    outcomes and minimize the danger of creating male traits.
    Additionally, throughout an intermediate cycle, steroids
    such as Masteron Propionate could also be stacked nicely
    with Testosterone Propionate. This combination contributes to lean muscle growth with definition and hardness.

    These are additionally very suppressive compounds in regard to
    testosterone, and they will have a deleterious effect on the center, with
    elevated LDL and lowered HDL ldl cholesterol scores.

    Deca Durabolin is an efficient injectable steroid that users can stack with Anadrol,
    rising muscle hypertrophy and power. If somebody has previously used Anadrol and their body’s
    tailored to this compound, they might cycle it once more, however at the next dose and for a longer period of time (for elevated gains).
    Regardless Of a lower dose being administered throughout this cycle, notable
    will increase in size and energy are generally skilled due to the physique not having used this compound before.

    Whereas Dbol is powerful, it’s crucial to manage its use fastidiously to
    keep away from potential unwanted aspect effects
    like liver pressure or hypertension. One of the vital thing
    benefits of using steroids for bulking is their capacity to maximize muscle progress whereas
    improving strength and power. Steroids like Dbol,
    Trenbolone, and Deca Durabolin accelerate positive aspects by
    increasing the body’s anabolic state, serving to you break by way of plateaus and obtain noticeable
    outcomes sooner. Utilizing a chopping stack—a mixture of anabolic
    androgenic steroids designed for fat loss and muscle preservation—is the ultimate approach to maximize
    results. By now, it’s no secret that athletes and bodybuilders around the world use
    anabolic steroids to enhance their efficiency. Particularly
    competitive bodybuilders since they want to bulk up actually fast and infrequently the bodies you see aren’t even naturally attainable.
    To be the best, you’re going to want some help; you could get
    this assist with anabolic steroids.
    You should stick to just one steroid throughout your first cycle and devour it at very low
    dosages, to find a way to gauge its actual impact in your body.
    In addition, there isn’t a approach to know which steroids are delivering the unfavorable side effects and
    which of them the positive results. Your first priority must
    be to avoid any potent bodybuilding steroids which might be well known to
    trigger harsh unwanted effects. This will make positive that your liver-related
    parameters and blood strain don’t go too high during the cycle.
    Thus, testosterone suspension is the purest and fastest-acting type of testosterone, which requires two daily injections to maintain up peak concentrations.
    Injectable Primobolan (methenolone) is a gentle steroid in terms of unwanted
    side effects, commonly utilized within the ’70s during the Golden Period.

    Tbol doesn’t aromatize, and thus it causes no water retention and decreases
    the risk of gynecomastia forming, which is the other of Dianabol.

    Naturally, this implies you have to run Deca for a reasonable
    time to get probably the most out of it. Sixteen weeks
    is healthier, and it’s not uncommon for a 20 or
    24-week cycle to be run or even longer. With the 2 primary Nandrolone esters having very different
    half-lives, the one you’re utilizing will determine your dosing schedule and how typically
    you inject. One of Nandrolone’s most precious results is its positive benefits on your joints.
    Some individuals (both bodybuilders and males
    on TRT) use it at low doses purely for joint assist benefits to alleviate pain in the knees, shoulders, and elbows.

    One benefit is that suspension is going to supply quick positive aspects,
    as it’s pure testosterone and thus does not have to be damaged down. However, the unhealthy information is
    that it requires very frequent injections, as it additionally leaves your
    physique fast. Anabolic steroids are illegal without a prescription in many international locations, including the U.S., UK, Canada, and
    Australia. Possession or sale with out medical justification can result in legal penalties.

    Nonetheless, authorized options (natural supplements) are available over-the-counter.
    Purpose for 7–9 hours of high quality sleep per night and manage stress (cortisol counters anabolic effects).
    The most noticeable result’s accelerated fats burning, significantly across the midsection, chest, and lower back—areas typically proof against food plan alone.

    Combining Anavar and Primo will deliver the exhausting physique you’re after and might even be more forgiving if your food plan isn’t
    excellent. You’ll additionally be capable of maintain muscle
    more easily (Primo doesn’t aromatize), however bear in mind,
    this isn’t a cheap cycle to run. This is a 10-week cycle;
    nonetheless (very important) – Anadrol ought
    to only be used for the primary three weeks!
    This offers a super kickstart, then takes the
    strain off your liver whereas the opposite steroids take over.
    For the whole 10-week cycle, use Sustanon at 750mg weekly
    and Tren at 300mg weekly.

    Reply
  788. ewxurxpes

    From September 2023 until very recently, jetx casino reviews it comes down to the bottom line results and what works best for you. Jetx casino reviews that is due to a special technology named 128-bit SSL encryption, and your approach to wagering. Once in awhile, relatively anonymous. This game is indeed a high risk glot because it comes at a high volatility level, you can move to a tasty tier. Gamdom is known for its extensive selection of crash style games, however none of them match the incredible vintage game aesthetic of JetX. Great news – JetX is available on mobile devices, so you can play the game anytime, anywhere! No need to download any extra apps or software, just start gaming on your phone or tablet. Installing a mobile app is a great way to have fun on the go and get a bonus without entering a promo code for 1Win to enjoy JetX.  Applications are developed for Android, iOS, and Windows. Installing an APK file from a third-party website isn’t the best option. Here’s how you should do it:
    https://ashokatechnicalconsultant.com/uncategorized/dragon-tiger-%e2%82%b950-bonus-worth-claiming-a-review/
    APK, Google Play One of the standout features of Dragon Tiger Online Casino is its user-friendly interface, designed for easy navigation and seamless gameplay. With just a touch, you can dive into the world of the game and test your luck against other players. The game kicks off with a generous offer — you receive a daily gift of $1,000 to kickstart your gaming journey.  Lightning Sic Bo рџЊџ Ultra-Responsive Controls & Clean UI – A smooth and user-friendly experience.рџљЂ Lightweight Yet Powerful Gameplay – Optimized to run flawlessly on all devices.рџ”ђ Safe & Encrypted Transactions – Secure deposits and withdrawals.рџ•№ Offline Mode Available – Play anytime, anywhere, even without an internet connection. Ninjas Resolve: A Strategic Card Game Adventure With Dragon Tiger Club-Rummy Online, you can challenge your friends or play against other players from around the world. The game is easy to learn, but difficult to master, providing endless hours of entertainment.

    Reply
  894. parfgqzig

    © Business Upper Austria 2024 Mit dem Online-Plinko-Spiel können Sie im Auto-Modus den Nervenkitzel entfesseln. Richten Sie es ein, und das Spiel spielt sich wie von selbst, indem Sie Bälle fallen lassen und Siege einfahren, während Sie mit Ihrem Tag weitermachen. Es ist perfekt für einen vollen Terminkalender – Sie können den Nervenkitzel der Plinko-Aufregung in kurzen Schüben genießen, wann immer Sie wieder einchecken. Diese Funktion zeigt, wie Plinko auf den modernen Spieler zugeschnitten ist und perfekt in unser schnelllebiges Leben passt. Glücksspiellizenz prüfen: Online-Glücksspiel ist in Österreich stark reguliert und bis auf wenige Ausnahmen verboten. Die Finanzmarktaufsicht Österreich listet hier alle Unternehmen, die Online-Glücksspiel betreiben dürfen.
    https://fahdighazali.com/sweet-bonanza-review-ein-suser-klassiker-von-pragmatic-play-im-schweizer-online-casino/
    Hierzu musst ni dein Spielerkonto nach der Registrierung lediglich verifizieren. Mit deiner ersten Einzahlung vermagst du dir dann zudem einen hundred % Bonus bis zu 100 European sichern. Jedoch hatte ich für family room Selbsttest und meine Plinko Erfahrungen mein altes Handy verwendet und weder Fotografier noch Kontakte da gespeichert. Direkt nach der Registrierung sollte ich dann im übrigen schon eine erste Einzahlung vornehmen, o Plinko mit Echtgeld spielen zu können. Spätestens hier hab ich dann erkannt, dass die Iphone app nicht seriös ist und ein Schmu vorliegen muss. Der Ballstart erfolgt sowohl im manuellen als auch im automatisierten Modus. Bewertungen zu Plinko werden auf verschiedenen Plattformen veröffentlicht, forums, nicht nur auf spezialisierten Websites. Unser Plinko-Forum hilft Ihnen auch dabei.

    Reply
  971. Richardmer

    ¡Saludos, fanáticos del desafío !
    Casinos extranjeros confiables y auditados – п»їhttps://casinosextranjerosenespana.es/ casino online extranjero
    ¡Que vivas increíbles jackpots extraordinarios!

    Reply
  989. xjwbcstct

    Für diejenigen, die Plinko um echtes Geld spielen möchten, haben wir eine Liste lizenzierter Casinos mit tollen Willkommensangeboten zusammengestellt. Es wurde überprüft, dass diese Casinos die Sicherheits- und Integritätsstandards erfüllen und über eine gültige Lizenz verfügen. Sie bieten den Spielern die komfortabelsten Bedingungen für Wetten auf Plinko. Starten Sie noch heute Ihr Abenteuer auf Plattformen wie Wunderino und erleben Sie den Nervenkitzel von Plinko Slots selbst. Mit fesselndem Gameplay, immersiven Grafiken und zahlreichen Gewinnmöglichkeiten sind diese Spiele ein Muss für jeden Slot-Enthusiasten. Auf jene Weise beeinflussen Sie nicht nur pass away Plinko App Erfahrungen, sondern auch Ihre Gewinnchancen – wirklich ohne Plinko Betrugsmasche. Das Gratis Runde von Plinko on the internet ist auf die verschiedene Arten möglich. Oben auf eben dieser Seite geben unsereins Ihnen die Gelegenheit, Plinko direkt internet marketing Browser zu zocken und mit Spielgeld kennenzulernen.
    https://ghabalerda1988.raidersfanteamshop.com/http-raum-hellrot-de
    Sie werden vielleicht auch etwas überrascht sein zu erfahren, ich habe einfach das Gefühl. Alle Regeln, Wetten schnell und einfach zu platzieren. Der Plinko: Ein Spiel, das die Spannung auf die Spitze treibt. Das Büro Ricklingen bleibt vom 16.09.24 bis 04.10.24 geschlossen. Bitte wenden Sie sich an unsere Filiale in Hemmingen. Gratis spiele ohne anmeldung level diese Zahlungsmethoden bieten zusätzliche Sicherheit und Schutz für Ihre persönlichen Daten und Ihr Geld, indem Sie Erfahrungen sammeln. Entspannen und Gewinnen: Finden Sie die perfekte Balance im Casino! Diese Automaten sind von unabhängigen Prüfinstituten zertifiziert und bieten den Spielern ein sicheres und faires Spielerlebnis, bwin casino erfahrung darunter eine Freispielrunde mit einem 10-fachen Multiplikator und ein vierstufiges progressives Glücksradspiel.

    Reply
  1008. AlbertLYDAY

    ¡Saludos, aventureros de emociones !
    Tipos de slots en casino online extranjero – п»їhttps://casinoextranjerosenespana.es/ casino online extranjero
    ¡Que disfrutes de oportunidades exclusivas !

    Reply
  1071. DouglasIceks

    ¡Hola, apasionados de la emoción !
    Casino fuera de EspaГ±a con interfaz amigable – п»їhttps://casinosonlinefueradeespanol.xyz/ п»їcasino fuera de espaГ±a
    ¡Que disfrutes de asombrosas tiradas brillantes !

    Reply
  1082. KennethRes

    ¡Saludos, cazadores de premios únicos!
    Casinoextranjerosdeespana.es – Juegos en tiempo real – п»їhttps://casinoextranjerosdeespana.es/ casinos extranjeros
    ¡Que experimentes maravillosas botes extraordinarios!

    Reply
  1088. swliwoofw

    The teen patti cash game is a classic game, but it is also played on online gaming platforms for real money. The objective and rules of the game are similar to the offline version. However, the players play teen patti game for real Paytm cash against online players. The winner of these games wins real cash that can be withdrawn instantly. Teen Patti download features three game tables, which you can play on as per the game mode. The first one is the ‘Normal’ game mode, which comes with the simplest rules. You can also join the ‘Joker’ table, where you can be dealt a joker card. It lets you replace any card in your hand with a stronger card to win the round. Last but not least, the classic card game comes with the ‘Hukam’ table. In this one, a specific card is designated to be the trump card, which lets you replace any other card to form a stronger hand. 
    https://data.gov.ro/user/siedismalet1975
    A detailed description and game features of Sweet Bonanza CandyLand Live from Pragmatic Play. BeGambleaware®, T&Cs apply. 18+. Sweet Bonanza CandyLand Live (2025) Casino Review. High volatility online slot game with a maximum payout of 20,000x your bet. The RTP is 96.95%. The bonus game is activated when the wheel stops on the Sweet Spins segments. Once activated, you will be awarded 10 free spins, and taken to the right side of the reels, where the spins are applied. The screen changes to a large 6 by 5 grid where wins are achieved by matching at least 8 paying symbols. A detailed description and game features of Sweet Bonanza CandyLand Live from Pragmatic Play. BeGambleaware®, T&Cs apply. 18+. Sweet Bonanza CandyLand Live (2025) Casino Review. High volatility online slot game with a maximum payout of 20,000x your bet. The RTP is 96.95%.

    Reply

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *