MUCANJE

1,503 Comments / Deca kod logopeda

Mucanje se najčešće definiše kao poremećaj fluentnosti govora usled spastičnih blokada govornih organa, nehotičnih prekida govornog toka, abruptne opstrukcije govornog disanja i fonacije, ponavljanja i produžavanja glasova i slogova ( Golubović, 1997, 2000). Postoji fiziološko i autentično( idiopatsko mucanje).

▪ Fiziološko mucanje se javlja oko 2, 3 godine života, kada kod deteta dolazi do ekspanzije rečnika. Može doći do zastajkivanja u govoru, ponavljanja pojedinih glasova, reči ili celih rečenica. To može roditelju zvučati zastrašujuće, zato se uvek treba konsultovati sa logopedom kako bi sve sumnje nestale. Dete u tom periodu najviše razvija govor i upija sve informacije iz spoljne sredine. Sve više ga zanima njegova okolina i počinje da je istražuje i ispituje. Ono, u većini slučajeva, nije svesno načina na koji govori i na nama je da na tome i ostane. Glavni savet za roditelje u tom periodu je da budu STRPLJIVI. Dete se ne sme ispravljati, prekidati i ubrzavati tokom govora, treba ga pustiti da završi svoju priču, ma koliko dugo to trajalo. To za roditelje nije uvek lak zadatak, zbog ‚‚užurbanog vremena” u kome živimo. Detetu treba pružiti pažnju, skloniti ga od stresnih situacija. To ne znači da mu treba dozvoliti sve što poželi samo da se ne bi naljutilo, već da treba da se dete oseti sigurno i ne treba slušati prepirke i probleme nas ‚‚velikih”. Fiziološko mucnje, u koliko se ne ispravlja, prolazi relativno brzo. Najkasnije do 4. godine.

▪ Autentično mucanje se javlja izmedju 4. i 5. godine i u većem procentu prolazi do 13., 14. godine, ali u nekim slučajevima ostaje i u odraslom dobu. Sa 4,5 godina dete polako postaje svesno svoga govora. Dete je najčešće uključeno u vrtić, tako da i ostala deca mogu reagovati na njegov govor i ukazivati mu na to kako priča. Zavisno od nivoa detetovog emocionalnog razvoja i samog karaktera deteta, kao i sredine u kojoj dete odrasta, zavisi kako će se ono boriti sa tim. Da li će se povući u sebe, postati stidljivo, ljuto ili neće tome pridavati značaj. Na mucanje utiču emocije deteta, tako da što je dete usplahiranije to je govor nerazumljiviji. Samo mucanje može pratiti i grč govornih organa. Svako dete je jedinstveno i specifično, tako da sam tretman logoped (u konsultaciji sa psihologom i ostatkom stručnog tima) prilagođava detetu. Najzačajnija stvar, kao što je već navedeno je STRPLJENJE. Dete ne treba pekidati tokom govora. Treba ga ohrabrivati da što više govori. Raditi svakodnevno na govoru, dan uvek krenuti vežbama disanja (koje su vrlo značajne u tretmanu ali ih roditelji najčešće preskaču), a zatim nastaviti korišćenjem tehnike koju je logoped predložio.

Literatura:

Poremećaji fluentnosti govora, prof. Dr Slavica Golubović, Društvo defektologa Srbije, Beograd, 2007.

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