USNE I JEZIK

1,040 Comments / Logoped za odrasle

Da bi smo pravilno izgovarali glasove, naše usne i jezik moraju da se pokreću. Za to su potrebni jaki mišići i dobra koordinacija pokreta usana, jezika, vilice. Kod dece sa smanjenim tonusoem mišića i problemima u koordinaciji navedenih mišića javaljaju se i teškoće u izgovaranju glasova.

Zato je neophodno da se tokom dana odvoji vreme za vežbanje i jačanje oralne muskulature. Kao što smo već navodili, vežbanje može biti i zabavno i kreativno. Treba vežbati svakog dana 5,6 minuta, ispred ogledala. Najbolje je da roditelj sa detetom vežba, jer imitacijom dete najlakše usvaja pokrete. U sledećem delu ćete naći uputstva za izvođenje pokreta i jačanje mišića usana i jezika.

Vežbe usana:

  • Razvuci usne u osmeh, što je više moguće. Zadrži usne u tom položaju 5 sek., zatim ih opusti. Ponovi tu vežbu 5x.
  • Napući usne kao da šalješ poljubac. Zadrži ih u tom položaju 5 sek., a zatim opusti. Ponovi vežbu 5x.
  • Razvuci usne u širok osmeh a zatim se napući. Kombinuj ta dva pokreta. Ponovi vežbu 5x.
  • Spoji usne i drži ih jako pritisnute 5sek., zatim ih opusti. Ponovi vežbu 5x.
  • Jako stegni lizalicu usnama. Dok roditelj pokušava da je izvuče, dete usnama pruža otpor i ne dozvoljava. Trajanje vežbe od 3 do 5 sek. Zatim dete opušta usne. Ponoviti 5x.Tokom vežbe biti oprezan da ne dođe do povrede.
  • Napumpaj obraze vazduhom, a zatim pomeraj vazduh tako da bude napumpan prvo jedan obraz, pa zatim pomeri vazduh i napumpaj drugi. Tako pomeraj 5 do 10 puta, a zatim odmori. Ne smeš da pustiš da ti pobegne vazduh kroz usne ili nos. ☺ Ponovi vežbu 5x.
  • Imitiraj izraze lica ipred ogledala. Npr. Kako izgledaš kada si – srećan, tužan, ljut, uplašen?

Za sledeće vežbe nam je potrebno: ogledalo, slamčica, čaša sa vodom, sapunica, papirići, činija i ping pong loptice.

– Uzmi ogledalo, napući usne i duvaj u ogledalo. Od toplote daha, ogledalo će se zamagliti.

– stavite iscepkane papiriće na ravnu površinu(sto..), uzmite cevčicu i duvajte da oterate papiriće. Možete obeležiti i napraviti go pa je cilj deteta da papirić ubaci u go. Od papira se mogu napraviti i loptice, a mogu za ovu vežbu koristiti i ping pong loptice.

– u čašu sipati malo vode i spaunice, ubacite cevčicu i duvajte kroz nju da stvorite što više balončića.

– U činiju sipajte vodu ubacite pin pong loptice. Pomoću cevčice duvajte ping pong lopticu tako da se sudari sa drugim lopticama. Kao da vozite autiće na sudaranje. ☺

  • Igrajte se slanja poljubaca. Stavite karmin na usne detetu (naravno, devojčicama je ovo najzabavnija igra) i dajte da ostavi trag na nečijem obrazu, papiru, ogledalu….
  • Iskoristite sve moguće igračke koje duvanjem proizvode zvuk- od pištaljka, preko truba, frulica.. do rodjendanskih duvalica. Neka prvo duvaju polako i proizvode tihe zvukove, zati da proizvedu najglasniji zvuk.. .

Vežbe za jačanje jezika:

  • Isplazi jezik što više možeš. Uzeti neki predmet koji ima ravnu stranu, npr. kašičica, i staviti ga kod vrha jezika. Predmetom praviti otpor i pomalo gurati jezik nazad, dok je dedetov cilj da odgura tu kašičicu. Ponoviti 5x.
  • Staviti kašičicu na gornju usnu, vrhom jezika gurati kašičicu ka nosu, dok kašičicom pružati otpor jeziku i vraćati ga nazad. Zadržati u tom položaju 1, 2 sek. Ponoviti 5x.
  • Izduži jezik što je više možeš ka uglu usana. Prvo ka jednom uglu a zatim ka drugom uglu usana. Ponoviti 5x.
  • Staviti svoj prst na desni obraz, 1 cm od ugla usana. Jzik ostaje u ustima i pokušava iznutra da odgurne prst. Pritiskati što je jače moguće. Ponoviti 5x.
  • Za sledeću vežbu nam je potebno nešto od hrane- smoki, zrno grožđa.. – na gornjoj vilici, odmah iza zubića ( ne na zube), staviti jedan smoki i vrhom jezika ga držati par sekundi. Dete se trudi da to drži što je duže moguće. Usta su otvorena tokom vežbe. Dete, kao nagradu, dobija da pojede to što drži. ☺
  • Isplazi jezik, usnama ga pritisni što jače, a zatim ga brzo vrati u usta. Tokom te radnje će se čuti zvuk-kao kad kuca pije vodu. ☺
  • Na tanjir stavite džem, marmeladu, nutelu, med… Za početak podignite tanjir u nivou dečijeg lica ali se potrudite da ostane horizontalan, zatim recite detetu da jezikom skloni to sa tanjira ( da oliže tanjir). Kada dete to savlada, stavite tanjir na sto i ponovite postupak.
  • Uzeti lizalicu ili ako nemate, možete i kašiku umočiti u med. Držati lizalicu isred detetovih usta i tražiti od njega da liže lizalicu pokretima jezika gore-dole. Glava stoji mirno, samo se jezik pomera. Kada to savlada, polako stavljajte lizalicu sve dalje i dalje od usta deteta.
  • Stavite malo hrane u šoljicu (npr. nutelu) i dajte detetu da to oliže praveći jezikom kružne pokrete.
  • Pokušaj jezikom da dohvatiš nos, a zatim bradu. Brzo pomeraj jezik gore dole da izgleda kao zeka koji skače. ☺
  • Dodirni vrhom jezika jedan ugao usana, a zatim drugi ugao. Brzo pomeraj jezik levo-desno da izgleda kao da kuca maše repom. ☺

Literatura:

https://cluas.ie/news/exercises-to-help-speech-development/

https://gethackneytalking.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Oromotor_parents.pdf

https://cluas.ie/news/exercises-to-help-speech-development/ 

 

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