ARTIKULACIJA GLASOVA N, NJ

842 Comments / Deca kod logopeda

Ono što je zajedničko glasovima N i NJ je to da su oni, prema načinu tvorbe nazali, tj nosni glasovi, dok se prema mestu tvorbe (nastanku glasova) N ubraja u alveolarne (nadzubne) a NJ u prednjonepčane , tj palatalne. U ovom tekstu ćemo vam približiti ,kao i u predhodnim, vežbanje glasova i pomoći vam kako da u kućnim uslovima vežbate sa vašim mališanima. Za početak uvek savetujemo da se obnove vežbe oralne praksije, kako bi se jezik pokrenuo i bio pokretljiviji.

Nakon vežbi oralne praksije tretman glasova počinje tako što logoped pokaže položaj govornih organa za pravilan izgovor glasa.

U formiranju glasa N učestvuju jezik, meko nepce, gornje alveole, nos. Prilikom izgovora glasa N usne su blago otvorene, vrh jezika stoji iza gornjih sekutića.U momentu izgovora vrh jezika se naglo odvoji od alveola, čime se uklanja prepreka vazdušnoj struji, koja jednim delom prolazi kroz usta, a drugim delom kroz nos. Ovaj glas je zvučan, glasnice trepere.

Nepravilan izgovor ovog glasa se odlikuje :

1. omisijom ( neizgovaranjem glasa)

2. distorzijom (nedovoljno jasnim izgovaranjem glasa)

3. supstitucijom ( zamenjivanjem ) drugim glasovima, najčešče glasovima T i D

Iz grupe nazala, ovo je glas u kojem se najmanje prave greške. Najmanje se ne izgovara ili zamenjuje, zato što je mesto izgovaranja sasvim napred. Njegove napravilnosti se najčešće javljaju zbog nepravilnosti funkcije mekog nepca, sprečenosti nosnog disanja ( usled polipa i devijacije nosa), prisustva trećeg krajnika i nedovoljno razvijenog fonematskog sluha. Glas se najpre izgovara u slogovima u kombinaciji sa vokalima, a zatim se vežba kroz izgovaranje reči koje sadrže glas N.

N……………….A

N……………….E

N……………….I

N……………….O

N……………….U kao u rečima neko, niti, niko, nos, nula, Nada, nikakvo, naočare, novine, nema..

Prelazi se na vežbanje glasa N u sredini:

 

A……………..N………….A

E……………..N………….E

I………………N…………..I

O………….N………..O

U………….N…………U kao u rečima pena, šine, Ana, ono, vuna…

Dolazimo do glasa N na kraju reči (finalni položaj ):

 

A…………….N

E……………. N

I………………N

O…………….N

U…………….N kao u rečima dan, jelen, sin, roman, račun

Pored ovih reči, automatizacija će se najbolje vežbati kroz rečenice,koje dete može samo da smišlja, kroz pesmice, priče, spontani govor. Jedna kratka pesmica je pred Vama , za bolju automatizaciju.

ONA

Ona Ana nema mana.

Ona Ena lepa žena.

Ona Ina mnogo fina.

Ona Una dušom puna.

Glas NJ je i nazalni i zvučni. U njegovom formiranju učestvuju jezik, alveole s tvrdim i mekim nepcem i nos. Položaj govornih organa je sledeći: vrh jezika je čvrsto priljublje na donje sekutiće, dok je prednji deo izdignut i naslanja se na prednje alveole i tvrdo nepce pri čemu pravi prepreku fonacionoj struji. Meko nepce je spušteno. U momentu kad treba da se glas izgovori ,jedan deo vazduha prolazi kroz nos izazivajući vibriranje nozdrva, a drugi deo prolazi kroz usta.

Nepravilan izgovor ovog glasa se odlikuje :

1. omisijom (neizgovaranjem glasa )

2. distorzijom ( nedovoljno jasnim izgovaranjem glasa)

3. supstitucijom ( zamenjivanjem )glasa drugim glasovima, najčešče glasovima N i Ć

Ovaj glas se nešto kasnije pojavljuje u dečijem govoru. Što se tiče nepravilnosti , otklanjanje nedostataka, kad su u pitanju rascepi mekog i tvrdog nepca, vrši se lekarskom intervencijom pa zatim logopedskom intervencijom i radom.

Artikulaciju treba početi jednim od suglasnika T, D, N ukoliko ih dete pravilno izgovara. Dok dete izgovara taj glas, logoped mu pritisne vrh jezika dole, na donje sekutiće. Time se prednji deo jezika podigne do gornjih alveola i tvrdog nepca, a zatim odvoji od njih.

Istovremeno logoped izgovara ovaj glas i upozorava dete da ga pažljivo sluša. Da bi dete još bolje uočilo izgovor glasa i razlikovalo ga od glasova s kojima ga meša, može se upozoriti da opipavanjem podbratka i osećajem izdaha vazdušne struje ispred nosa kada se prinese npr.ogledalce koje se blago zamagli zbog izdisajnog vazduha.

Glas se izgovara u kombinaciji sa vokalima:

NJ………………A

NJ………………E

NJ………………I

NJ………………O

NJ………………U kao u rečima njakati, njen, njuška, njuh, njuškalo, njiva, njen, njoke…

Zatim u kombinacijama u sredini reči :

A……………NJ………A

E……………NJ………E

I…………….NJ………I

O…………..NJ………O

U…………..NJ………U kao u rečima banja, kamenje, manji, danju, munja…

Na kraju, kao i uvek, vežba se glas kada stoji na kraju reči :

A……………..NJ

E……………..NJ

I………………NJ

O…………….NJ

U…………….NJ kao u rečima konj, gunj, bubanj, lenj, sinj…

Na kraju je ptrebno provežbati i uraditi vežbe za diskriminaciju glas NJ i glasa N ili onih glasova kojima dete zamenjuje ovaj glas u govoru.

Mina-Minja

Nena-njena

mane-manje

nam-njam

PAŽNJA, PAŽNJA  

Pažnja, pažnja!

Pobeglo je prase

sa obližnjeg ražnja –

za njim je potražnja!  

Prepoznaćete prase –

obaveštavamo mnjenje –

liči na pečenje,

ukusno stvorenje.  

Pronašli smo gudu

u opštinskom sudu.

Logika je zdrava –

traži svinjska prava!

Literatura Marija Risovic ( 2007). Naučimo glasove . Kruševac Milica Vakić (2007). Izgovarajmo pravilno. Beograd Dr. Nataša D. Čabarkapa ( 2018). Da brbljam, da govorim, da učim. Beograd

 

 

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