KLASIFIKACIJA I SERIJACIJA – UČENJE KROZ IGRU

Klasifikacija i serijacija su jako bitne za razvoj mišljenja i razvoj pojma broja. Klasifikacija je razvrstavanje elemenata u skupove na osnovu nekih karakteristika (npr. boja, oblik, veličina).

Klasifikaciju ispitujemo tako što detetu pokažemo neki predmet i tražimo da razvrsta sa sličnim stvarima. Postoji nekoliko nivoa klasifikacije. Nivo figuralnih kolekcija je nivo na kom dete elemente stavlja zajedno jer se slažu iz nekog razloga (npr. stavlja zajedno cvet i vazu jer cvet može da se stavi u vazu). Sledeći nivo podrazumeva da dete slične predmete stavi na jednu gomilu. Na primer, sve krugove stavi na jednu gomilu, a sve kvadrate stavi na drugu gomilu. Po tom krugove može da razvrsta na manje i veće ili kvadrate da razvrsta na zelene i crvene i tako napravi potklase – to je nivo nefiguralnih kolekcija.

Jedna zanimljiva igra za decu mlađeg uzrasta može biti Na slovo na slovo. Kasnije možete da uvedete i neke uslove, na primer „ reci sve životinje na slovo R“ ili „reci voće na slovo J“. Možete da razvrstavate sa detetom i kocke. Kažete detetu „ ajde da stavimo sve žute na jednu stranu, a sve plave na drugu stranu“. Mogu Vam koristiti i klikeri različitih boja ili geometrijski oblici. Napravite sami geometrijske oblike različitih boja i veličina pa razvstavajte (sve trouglove na jednu stranu, pa onda odvojte sve crvene trouglove ili sve male trouglove). Sa decom starijeg uzrasta možete igrati Kaladont ili na primer razvrstavati voće i povrće, domaće ili divlje životinje…

Serijacija je svrstavanje predmeta prema nekom merljivo svojstu.

Deca treba da ređaju predmeta prema rastućem ili opadajućem nizu. Deci mlađeg uzrasta daćemo elemente gde su razlike između tih predmeta očigledne, i deci mlađeg uzrasta treba dati manji broj elemenata.

Možemo im dati stapiće različite dužine i da im tražimo da naprave stepenište. Ili da poređa kocke po veličini. Da knjige različite debljine poređa od najtanje do najdeblje i obrnuto. Možete da detetu date neki deblji konac ili pertlu i da mu kažete da naniže dugmad, od najmanjeg do najvećeg. Da poređa klikere po veličini ili geometrijske oblike. Ili dok šetate sa detetom nek Vam pokaže koje je drvo veće.

 

 

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