VIZUELNI SISTEM (VIZUELNA PERCEPCIJA)

997 Comments / Senzorna integracija

Aktivnosti za decu sa poteškoćama u vizuelnoj percepciji kroz senzornu integraciju

 

Vid je složeni proces koji nam omogućava da odredimo prizore, predvidimo ono što nam ide u susret, i pripremimo se za reakciju. Zdrave oči i vid su preduslovi za adekvatnu vizuelnu percepciju. Vid doprinosi našoj temeljnoj veštini koja se zove okulomotorička veština ( kretanje ili motorika oka ). Veštine fine vizuo – prostorne obrade se razvijaju kada dete sazreva i integriše informacije iz drugih čula , naročito vestibularnog. Ukoliko se vizuelna disfunkcija ne otkrije na vreme može uzrokovati poteškoće u čitanju, pisanju, emocijama i socijalnim odnosima.
 
Znaci poteškoća u vizuelnoj percepciji :
 
  • Dete pokriva oči da bi se zaštitilo od svetlosti, zatvara ili pokriva jedno oko ili žmirka.
  • Žali se da vidi dvostrukoIma teškoće u premeštanju pogleda s jednog predmeta na drugi.
  • Okreće se ili naginje glavu dok čita stranicu teksta, televiziju ili dok gleda sagovornika .
  • Teško prati predmete u pokretu npr. lopticu.
  • Ne razume pročitano ili brzo gubi interesovanje.
  • Ne uviđa sličnosti i razlike u slikama, predmetima, rečima.
  • Teškoće u izradi školskih zadataka uključujući veličinu i prostorni raspored slova.
  • Javljaju se poteškoće sa složenijim motoričkim zadacima uključujući prostorne odnose kao što su umetanje delova u slagalicu ili rezanje po crti.
  • Ne razume vremenske i prostorne odnose, kao i slab osećaj za smer.
  • Ne uspeva vizualizovati ono što čita.
  • Dezorijentisano smešta crteže na stranici ili piše ukoso, odozdo prema dole.
  • Može mu biti neugodno ili je preopterećen predmetima koji se stalno kreću.
  • Lako se zamara tokom školskog rada i izbegava grupne aktivnosti.

AKTIVNOSTI ZA DECU SA VIZUELNOM DISFUNKCIJOM

 

Probodi ’’ O ’’
 
Ovo je jednostavna i svrsishodna vizuelna igra koja može pomoći roditeljima kako da kvalitetno provede vreme sa detetom koje je npr. nemirno u čekaonici, leži u krevetu ili mu treba neka zabava. Ova aktivnost je namenjena deci od seste godine pa naviše. Potreban vam je marker , čačkalica ili olovka, novine. Dete pomoću markera može obojiti sva slova O u nekom novinskom tekstu ili stranici. Čačkalicom ili olovkom probušiti rupu kroz svako slovo ’’ O’’. Ova aktivnost poboljšava koordinaciju oko – ruka , vizuelno prepoznavanje , bilateralnu koordinaciju i veštinu fine motorike.
 
Ploča sa rasporedom
 
Ova aktivnost je namenjena deca koja nemaju izgrađen osećaj za vreme i prostor,imaju poteškoće sa promenama ili sa odvajanjem od voljene osobe. Na ovaj način i kroz ovu aktivnost deca mogu da se ohrabre i da vizualizuju dnevne aktivnosti. Stvaraju osećaj kako će njihovo vreme biti organizovano i šta će se sledeće dogoditi.
Namenjena je deci od dve i po godine do šest. Potrebna vam je ploča za pisanje, pano za pisanje i brisanje flomasterima ili ploča za pisanje kredom, olovka, markeri ili kreda. Po želji mogu se napraviti slikovne karte. Za izradu je potrebno : izmeriti i označiti osam pravougaonika na ploči ili panou, odrediti koje dnevne aktivnosti treba uključiti, bitno je da možete brisati vreme i beleške kredom ili markerom. Mogli bi fotografisati dete u toku dnevnih aktivnosti ( dok doručkuje, oblači se , vozi se u automobilu, rešava zadatke… ). Dete pre odlaska u vrtić može pogledati karte ili fotografije i staviti ih na ploču sa rasporedom. Pre odlaska u krevet možete to ponoviti kao pripremu za sledeći dan.
 
 
KORISTI od ove aktivnosti su višestruke : Pronalaženje adekvatnih slika podstiče vizuelno prepoznavanje , veštinu planiranja aktivnosti, prolaženje kroz dnevni raspored aktivnosti doprinosi pamćenju i jezičkim veštinama. Rezanje slika makazama doprinosi finoj motorici. Raspored sa slikama doprinosi emocionalnom i socijalnom razvoju, jer priprema dete za aktivnosti koje slede , povećava samostalnost i smanjuje strepnju kod razvajanja od roditelja.
 
Lopte od voća
 
Postoje igračke koje već imate u svojoj kuhinji samo ih treba iskoristiti na drugačiji način. Ovakve aktivnosti možete sprovoditi kada pripremate obrok a dete traži vašu pažnju. Potrebno vam je nekoliko komada limuna , narandze, mandarine , grejpfrut, kanta i papirnata vreća. Šta dete može raditi sa ovim loptama od voća ? Može ih imenovati ( gledati i premeštati iz ruke u ruku ), prepoznavati ih uz vašu pomoć. Poređati ih po veličini ili grupisati po boji. Stavljati lopte od voća u kantu i brojati ih. Staviti voće u kesu , a dete bez gledanja treba da gurne ruku u kesu i pogađa koje je to voće , po veličini, obliku, težini…Sedeti na podu i kotrljati voće u papirnatu vreću ili da dete legne potrbuške i da kotrlja voće, možete sesti nasuprot detetu i međusobno se dodavati ili gurati voće različitim delovima tela.
 
KORISTI od ove aktivnosti : Imenovanje, prepoznavanje i brojenje voća podstiče vizuelno prepoznavanje, auditivno pamćenje , pojam broja, slaganje voća u red podstiče sposobnost razvrstavanja i nizanja . Kotrljanje voća jača veštinu pokretanja oka za fokusiranje i praćenje, kao i koordinaciju oko – ruka.
Zabavno pecanje
 
Jednostavna i zabavna igra za decu od treće do šeste godine. Za ovu aktivnost vam treba karton, makaze, papir u boji, tempere, spajalice za papir ( za izradu ribe ). Za štap za pecanje štap oko pola metra, magnet, kutija za pecanje. Zajedno sa detetom možete napraviti ribe od kartona, ukrasiti ih i staviti spajalice na glavu ribe, zavezati magnet na štap za pecanje ,razbacati ribe na pod i pecati ih sa štapom . Skinuti svaku ribu sa magneta i stavljati u kantu ili samo sa štapom ubacivati bez dodirivanja ribe. Ova aktivnost je veoma zabavna za dete a istovremeno pomaže u adekvatnoj stimulaciji vizuelne percepcije , vizuelno- motorički razvoj ,u toku pravljenja materijala dete podstiče bilateralnu koordinaciju i finu motoriku šake. Sama aktivnost pecanja riba stimuliše i propriocepciju jer dete mora dovoljno da ispruži ruku ,da se savije i podigne štap,a sve to da proceni i prati čulom vida.

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